Free SAP FICO,MM,SD,BW Material And Faq's

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  • MM Process Flow
    The typical procurement cycle for a service or material consists of the following phases:
    1. Determination of Requirements
    Materials requirements are identified either in the user departments or via materials planning and control. (This can cover both MRP proper and the demand-based approach to inventory control. The regular checking of stock levels of materials defined by master records, use of the order-point method, and forecasting on the basis of past usage are important aspects of the latter.) You can enter purchase requisitions yourself, or they can be generated automatically by the materials planning and control system.
    2. Source Determination
    The Purchasing component helps you identify potential sources of supply based on past orders and existing longer-term purchase agreements. This speeds the process of creating requests for quotation (RFQs), which can be sent to vendors electronically via SAP EDI, if desired.
    3. Vendor Selection and Comparison of Quotations
    The system is capable of simulating pricing scenarios, allowing you to compare a number of different quotations. Rejection letters can be sent automatically.
    4. Purchase Order Processing
    The Purchasing system adopts information from the requisition and the quotation to help you create a purchase order. As with purchase requisitions, you can generate Pos yourself or have the system generate them automatically. Vendor scheduling agreements and contracts (in the SAP System, types of longer-term purchase agreement) are also supported.
    5. Purchase Order Follow-Up
    The system checks the reminder periods you have specified and - if necessary - automatically prints reminders or expediters at the predefined intervals. It also provides you with an up-to-date status of all purchase requisitions, quotations, and purchase orders.
    6. Goods Receiving and Inventory Management
    Goods Receiving personnel can confirm the receipt of goods simply by entering the Po number. By specifying permissible tolerances, buyers can limit over- and under deliveries of ordered goods.
    7. Invoice Verification
    The system supports the checking and matching of invoices. The accounts payable clerk is notified of quantity and price variances because the system has access to PO and goods receipt data. This speeds the process of auditing and clearing invoices for payment
    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:53:00 +0000

  • SAP MM Basic Functions
    Purpose
    Vendor, purchasing info, material, and customer master records contain foreign trade data. This
    data includes general foreign trade information and information on legal control and preference
    handling.
    The system uses the foreign trade data in these master records both directly and indirectly. It
    uses the data directly as default values in the Materials Management (MM) application
    component's purchase orders and advanced shipping notifications and in the Sales and
    Distribution (SD) application component's deliveries and billing documents. It uses the data
    indirectly when automatically determining additional export-relevant data, which it then includes
    in deliveries and billing documents.
    Implementation Considerations
    This component is fundamental to Foreign Trade and should always be implemented.
    Integration
    This component integrates with SD's Sales (SD-SLS), Delivery Processing (SD-SHP-DL), and
    Billing (SD-BIL) components. It also integrates with Materials Management’s (MM) Purchasing
    (MM-PUR) and Goods Receipt (MM-IM-GR) components.
    Features
    • Maintenance of master data relevant to foreign trade
    • Copying of foreign trade data from master records and proposal objects into MM and SD
    documents
    • Maintenance of foreign trade data in MM and SD documents
    • Other foreign trade data management including utilities for loading commodity codes into
    the system and for checking vendor, material, and customer master data for
    completeness and consistency
    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:53:00 +0000

  • Foreign Trade Data in Master Records IN SAP Material Management
    Definition
    Master data relevant to foreign trade that is used throughout the entire logistics chain in Materials
    Management (MM) and Sales and Distribution (SD) documents.
    Structure
    This section provides a detailed list of the data relevant for using SAP's Foreign Trade (FT)
    application component in vendor, purchasing info, material, and customer master records.
    The system‘s automated foreign trade processing depends on complete master data.
    To ensure efficient import and export processing, maintain the master data
    thoroughly.
    Vendor Master Record
    To go to a vendor master record from the SAP standard menu, choose Logistics → Materials
    management → Purchasing → Master data → Vendor → Purchasing
    You can maintain data relevant to foreign trade on the following screens of the vendor master:
    • Address
    – Vendor’s city
    – Postal code
    – Country
    – Region
    The vendor’s country helps indicate import transactions in MM documents. You need the
    vendor’s region for declarations to the authorities.
    • Control
    This screen contains accounting data including the vendor’s VAT registration number.
    The system copies the vendor’s VAT registration number from the vendor master record
    to the purchase order as a default value.
    • Purchasing data
    – Order currency
    – Terms of payment
    – Incoterms
    – Mode of transport
    The mode of transport indicates how the imported goods cross the border.
    – Office of entry (at the border)
    The border customs office code specifies the office through which goods usually
    arrive in the country. The vendor master record supports only one Office of entry.
    – Purchasing group
    To display or maintain data for preference processing from this screen, choose Extras →
    Tariff preference.
    Purchasing Info Record
    The purchasing info record represents the link between the vendor and the material delivered
    and overrides the vendor master record. Communication between the vendor and your plant can
    be made easier using purchasing info records.
    To go to a purchasing info record from the SAP standard menu, choose Logistics → Materials
    management → Purchasing → Master data → Info record.
    You can maintain data relevant to foreign trade on the following screens:
    • General data
    – Country of origin
    – Region of origin
    – Certificate category (the type of certificate—for example, a certificate of origin—
    issued by the vendor)
    – Certificate number
    – Date until which the certificate of origin is valid
    To display or maintain data for preference processing from this screen, choose Extras →
    Tariff preference.
    • Purchasing organization data 1
    – Planned delivery time
    – Standard quantity
    – Confirmation control key
    – Export/import procedure
    – Net price
    – Incoterms
    Material Master Record
    To go to a material master record from the SAP standard menu, choose Logistics → Materials
    management → Material master → Material.
    You can display or enter data relevant to foreign trade in the following views of the material
    master record:
    • Basic data 1
    – Base unit of measure
    – Material group
    – Division
    – Net weight
    – Gross weight
    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:52:00 +0000

  • Foreign Trade Data in Master Records in brief in SAP MM
    Foreign Trade Data in Master Records
    – Weight unit
    • Sales organization data 1 and 2
    – Delivering plant
    – Tax category/classification
    • Sales: General/Plant Data
    – Transportation group
    – Loading group
    • Foreign Trade: Export data
    – Commodity code (or Import code number)
    – Country of Origin
    – Region of Origin
    – Legal (export) control information
    – Preference information
    • Foreign Trade: Import data
    – Import code number (or commodity code)
    – Export/import group (a grouping of similar materials for export or import transactions)
    – Country of origin
    – Region of origin
    Question: The system only allows the input of one commodity
    code / import code number per material. What should I do if I want to import the
    same material from two different countries?
    Answer: Use two separate batches to identify the material.
    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:51:00 +0000

  • Customer Master Record in SAP MM

    To go to a customer master record from the SAP standard menu, choose Logistics → Sales and

    distribution → Business partners → Sold-to-party.

    You can maintain data relevant to foreign trade data on the following screens of the customer

    master record:

    • General data

    – City

    – Country

    – Region

    – Transportation zone

    – Postal code

    – Language

    – VAT registration number

    The customer’s country helps indicate export transactions in sales and distribution (SD)

    documents. You need the customer’s region for declarations to the authorities.

    To go to the Shipping and Billing information screens from the General data screen, choose Goto

    → Sales area data.

    • Shipping

    – Shipping conditions

    – Delivering plant

    • Billing

    – INCOTERMS

    – Terms of payment

    – Payment guarantee procedures

    – Licenses (legal control data)

    In addition to checking this data directly in each of the master records, you can also

    check whether foreign trade data in master records is complete in one step from the

    Foreign Trade Cockpit.


    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:51:00 +0000

  • Foreign Trade Data Check in Master Records in SAP MM

    Use

    This function checks whether the foreign trade data in master records is complete and generates

    a list of any missing data. Complete foreign trade data makes import and export processing

    faster and improves consistency.

    Features

    • The function checks these master records for the following foreign trade data:

    − Vendor master records for general foreign trade data

    − Purchasing info records for vendor declaration data

    − Material master records for general foreign trade, legal control, preference

    processing data and refunds on exports

    − Customer master records for general foreign trade, legal control, and documentary

    payments data

    • You can enter selection criteria to define which master records the function checks. For

    example, you can run the check on materials created in the last three months.

    • You can maintain missing data in vendor, material, and customer master records directly

    from the lists the function creates.

    You can check whether foreign trade data in master records is complete from the

    Foreign Trade Cockpit.
    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:50:00 +0000

  • Checklist for Customizing FT Master Data in SAP MM

    Purpose

    Listed below are the areas of Customizing you need to check to ensure you have fully maintained

    the foreign trade master data, check objects, and proposal objects. Because the system’s

    defaults depend on settings in Customizing, the more fully you maintain this data, the more

    complete the data in the purchasing and sales documents will be, and the more efficient the

    system will be to use.

    Process Flow

    1. Number range

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Define number ranges

    2. Commodity code

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Basic data for foreign trade → Define

    commodity codes/import code numbers by country (Table T604)

    3. Procedure

    − Definition

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Basic data for foreign trade → Define

    procedures and default value → Define procedure (Table T616)

    − Sales and Distribution (SD) default value

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Basic data for foreign trade → Define

    procedures and default value → Define procedure default (Table T616Z)

    − Materials Management (MM) default value

    Maintained in the purchasing info record on the Purch. org. data 1 (Purchasing

    organization data 1) screen (see Foreign Trade Data in Master Records ).

    4. Business transaction type

    − Definition

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Basic data for foreign trade → Define

    business transaction types and default value → Define business types (Table T605)

    − SD default value

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Basic data for foreign trade → Define

    business transaction types and default value → Define default business type (SD)

    (Table T605Z)

    − MM default value

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Basic data for foreign trade → Define

    business transaction types and default value → Define default business transaction

    type (MM) (Table T604)

    5. Mode of transport

    − Definition

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Transportation data → Define modes of

    transport (Table T618)

    − MM default value

    Maintained in the vendor master on the Purchasing data screen (see Foreign Trade

    Data in Master Records )

    6. Customs offices

    − Definition

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Transportation data → Define customs

    offices (Table T615)

    − MM default value

    Maintained in the vendor master on the Purchasing data screen (see Foreign Trade

    Data in Master Records )

    7. Control of import data screens

    Sales and Distribution → Foreign trade → Control foreign trade data in MM and SD

    documents → Import screens in purchasing document (View V_T001U)

    8. Countries

    General settings → Set countries → Define countries

    9. Currencies

    General settings → Currencies → Enter exchange rates
    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:49:00 +0000

  • Statistical Values for Foreign Trade Processes in SAP MM

    Use

    Every item a country imports or exports must have a statistical value associated with it when it

    passes through customs. The statistical value is the net domestic value (fair market value) of a

    product when it crosses a border. (The fair market value is the price the product is normally sold

    at in the manufacturer's domestic market.) This value is needed for each exported or imported

    item for INTRASTAT and EXTRASTAT declarations in the European Community (EC). It is used

    as a basis for keeping track of foreign trade statistics.

    The statistical value is printed on the appropriate customs documents such as the Single

    Administrative Document (SAD) in the EC, the Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) in the US, and

    the export report in Japan.

    The statistical value is a measure of the actual value of the goods imported or exported and does

    not include the value added tax (VAT) or all of the transportation and insurance costs.

    You are exporting goods to a customer in another EU member-state. The statistical

    value of the goods is calculated by deducting transportation and insurance costs

    from the time when the goods cross the border until when they reach the customer. If

    the statistical value is 80% of the amount billed before VAT, this percentage includes

    all transportation and insurance costs within your country until the goods reach the

    border. The 20% difference represents the estimated transportation and insurance

    costs from the border crossing point to the customer location.

    The process is the same for the importer. The costs of transporting the goods as far

    as the exporter‘s border are deducted before determining the statistical value.

    This function automatically calculates statistical values based on condition records in Materials

    Management (MM) for receipts and imports and Sales and Distribution (SD) for dispatches and

    exports.

    Integration

    This function integrates with the calculation performed by MM’s and SD’s pricing functions. It also

    provides data for import items in purchase orders and shipping notifications and for export items

    in deliveries and billing documents.

    R/3’s standard set-up calculates statistical values based on Incoterms. By applying standard

    pricing tools, you can change the basis for the calculation and make manual changes to the

    condition records.

    Prerequisites

    For Statistical Values in SD

    • The condition type GRWR (shipped in the standard set-up) can be used or a copy must

    be created in Customizing for SD. Choose Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions →

    Pricing → Maintain condition index.

    • Valid condition records for the relevant Incoterms clause must exist within the sales area

    for the corresponding period of time.

    For Statistical Values in MM

    • The condition type GRWR (shipped in the standard set-up) can be used or a copy must

    be created in Customizing for MM. Choose Materials Management → Purchasing →

    Conditions → Define Price Determination Process → Define condition types.

    • Valid condition records for the relevant Incoterms clause must exist within the purchasing

    organization for the corresponding period of time.

    You can maintain and create SD and MM condition records for statistical values from

    the Foreign Trade Cockpit. See Foreign Trade Cockpit.
    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:49:00 +0000

  • Foreign Trade Data in SD Documents in SAP MM

    Definition

    Data that describes the export or dispatch characteristics of a sales and distribution (SD)

    transaction.

    Structure

    Foreign trade data appears at the header and item levels in sales orders, deliveries and billing

    documents. The customer and material master records propose some of this data, and the

    system copies some foreign trade data at the documents’ header level from the underlying sales

    orders. The system determines other data based on the route or the item category.

    Foreign Trade Data in SD Document Headers

    Data Description Comments

    Data

    Description

    Comments

    Payment guarantee

    data

    (sales orders only)

    • Payment guarantee

    procedure

    • Financial document

    number


    Partner data

    • Ship-to party

    The ship-to party key

    • Country key

    The ship-to party’s country

    key

    The system copies this data

    from the sales order.

    Customs data

    (deliveries and billing

    documents only)

    • Mode of transport

    The technical customs

    term describing how (for

    example, by sea or air) the

    goods are taken across a

    national border

    • Office of exit

    The key for the customs

    office at the border, where

    the goods are loaded onto

    the mode of transport with

    which they will cross the

    border

    • Inland mode of transport

    The type of transport used

    from the delivering plant

    The system determines this

    data based on the route if

    the appropriate setting has

    been maintained in

    Customizing

    The system adopts this data

    as default values in

    deliveries and billing

    documents.

    Mode of transport data

    (deliveries and billing

    documents only)

    • The mode of transport

    with which the goods

    leave the vendor location

    • Country of the mode of

    transport with which the

    goods leave the vendor

    location

    • The mode of transport

    used to cross the border

    • Country of the mode of

    transport used to cross the

    border

    • Container indicator


    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:48:00 +0000

  • Foreign Trade Data in SD Document Items in SAP MM

    Data

    Description

    Comments

    Material data

    • Material

    The material key for the

    delivery item or billing

    document item

    • Description

    A description of the

    material in the delivery

    item or billing document

    item

    • Batch (only in deliveries of

    batch-managed materials)

    The batch number of the

    delivery item

    • Commodity code

    The system copies this data

    from the material master

    record.

    Origin

    (deliveries and billing

    documents only)

    • The goods’ country of

    origin

    • The goods’ region of origin

    The system copies this data

    as default values from the

    material master record.

    Transaction

    • Export procedure

    The customs procedure by

    which the goods in the

    dispatch/export

    transactions are reported

    in documents of foreign

    trade statistics

    • Transaction type

    A specification necessary

    for declarations to the

    authorities such as

    reporting import/export

    within the EU or the US

    With the appropriate settings

    in Customizing, the system

    determines the transaction

    data automatically based on

    criteria like the export-import

    group or the item category.

    The system then copies the

    data to the delivery and

    billing documents.

    Value

    (sales orders and billing

    documents only)

    • Statistical value

    The untaxed value of the

    goods including

    transportation and

    insurance costs that arise

    in the exporting country

    The system calculates the

    statistical value during

    Pricing in the underlying

    sales order and billing

    document.

    You can change how the

    system calculates the

    statistical value for the item if

    the billing document has not

    yet been posted to the

    Financial Accounting (FI)

    application component.


    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:47:00 +0000

  • Maintenance of Foreign Trade Data in SD Documents in SAP MM

    Use

    This function allows you to create and change foreign trade data in sales orders, deliveries, and

    billing documents.

    To maintain data in

    Menu path

    You should know

    The sales order

    header

    In the sales order, choose

    Goto → Header → Billing to

    enter documentary payment

    data.

    You can change the statistical

    value for an item in a sales

    order.

    A sales order item

    In the sales order, select an

    item. Then choose Goto →

    Item → Sales A to enter the

    business transaction type.


    The delivery header

    In the delivery choose Header

    → Foreign Trade/Customs.


    A delivery item

    In the delivery select an item.

    Then choose Item → Foreign

    Trade/Customs.


    The billing document

    header

    In the billing document choose

    Header → Foreign

    Trade/Customs.


    A billing document

    item

    In the billing document select

    an item. Then choose Item →

    Foreign Trade/Customs.

    You can change the statistical

    value for an item in a billing

    document.

    • After a delivery has been invoiced, you can no longer change the export data

    in the delivery.

    • After a billing document has been posted to the Financial Accounting (FI)

    application component, you can no longer change the export data in the

    billing document.
    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:47:00 +0000

  • Foreign Trade Data in Purchasing Documents in SAP MM

    Definition

    Data that describes the import or arrival characteristics of a purchasing transaction.

    Structure

    Foreign trade data appears at the header and item levels in purchase orders and shipping

    notifications. The vendor and material master records and purchasing info records propose this

    data.

    Foreign Trade Data in Purchase Order and Advance Shipping Notification

    Headers

    Data

    Description

    Comments

    Partner data

    • Vendor

    The vendor key

    • Delivery vendor

    • Country key

    The vendor country key

    The system copies this data

    from the purchase order to

    the shipping notification.

    Customs data

    • Mode of transport

    The technical customs term

    describing the type of

    transport (for example, see or

    air transport) used to take the

    goods across a national

    border

    • Office of entry

    The key for the border

    customs office where the

    goods are unloaded from the

    mode of transport used for

    crossing the border

    The system determines this

    data from the vendor master

    and uses it as a default

    value in the purchase order

    and shipping notification.

    Mode of transport

    data

    • The inland mode of transport

    (the mode of transport from

    the border to the plant)

    • The identifier for the means of

    transport with which the goods

    leave the vendor location

    • The country of the means of

    transport by which the goods

    leave the vendor location

    • The mode of transport by

    which the goods cross the

    border

    • The identifier for the means of

    transport by which the goods

    cross the border

    • The country of the means of

    transport by which the goods

    cross the border

    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:46:00 +0000

  • Foreign Trade Data in Purchase Order and Advance Shipping Notification in SAP MM

    Data

    Description

    Comments

    Material data

    • Material

    The material key for the item

    • Description

    A description of the item

    • Commodity code

    The system copies this data

    from the material master record.

    Origin

    • The goods’ country of origin

    • The good’s country and region of

    destination

    The system copies the country

    of origin from the purchasing

    info record as a default value.

    It copies the country and region

    of destination from the ordering

    plant.

    Transaction

    • Import procedure

    The procedure by which the

    goods being imported are

    declared to customs

    • Transaction type

    The classification of the type of

    transaction contract

    With the appropriate settings in

    Customizing, the system

    determines the transaction type

    automatically based on criteria

    like the importing country or the

    item category. The system then

    copies the data to purchase

    orders and advanced shipping

    notifications.

    Value

    • Statistical value

    The untaxed value of the goods,

    including transportation and

    insurance costs that arise in the

    importer’s country

    The system calculates the

    statistical values in pricing in the

    purchase orders.


    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:46:00 +0000

  • Maintenance of FT Data in Purchasing Documents in SAP MM

    Use

    This function allows you to maintain foreign trade import data in purchase orders and shipping

    notifications.

    To maintain data in

    Menu path

    The purchase order header

    In the purchase order, choose Header → Foreign

    Trade / Customs

    A purchase order item

    In the purchase order, select the item and choose

    Item → More functions → Foreign Trade / Customs

    The shipping notification header

    In the shipping notification, choose Header → Foreign

    Trade / Customs

    A shipping notification item

    In the shipping notification, select an item and choose

    Item → Foreign Trade / Customs


    Mon, 07 Apr 2008 19:45:00 +0000

  • Foreign Trade Cockpit in SAP MM

    Use

    The Foreign Trade Cockpit has several functions that enable you to monitor and update foreign

    trade data in export and import documents, system master records and settings in the

    Implementation Guide.

    To go to the Foreign Trade Cockpit from the SAP main menu, choose Logistics → Sales and

    distribution (or Materials management) → Foreign Trade/Customs → Cockpit → Cockpit -

    General Foreign Trade processing.

    Completion Checks – The Basis of the FT Cockpit

    For most activities in the Foreign Trade Cockpit, the system can generate incompletion worklists

    that display the status of each document or record individually using a green, yellow or red traffic

    signal. The incompletion worklists display all documents or records responding to the selection

    criteria and indicate whether foreign trade data is complete (green signal) in the selected

    documents.

    From these worklists, you can directly access documents that need to be changed and enter the

    necessary data. You can also activate incompletion worklists to display only records that need to

    be processed.

    Features

    The Initial Screen – General Foreign Trade Processing

    There are five sections on the initial screen of the Foreign Trade Cockpit:

    Section

    Function